Functional Ability of Dental Materials After Inclusion of Nanocarriers Containing Functional Substances: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Nanocarriers are nanoparticles used to transport functional substances. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform a systematic review analyzing the functional ability of dental materials after the inclusion of nanocarriers containing functional substances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, SciELO, and Science Direct from (02/03/21) to (02/06/21) without restriction on the year of publication. We included studies evaluating the incorporation of Chitosan, PEG-PCL (poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone), PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and mesoporous silica into dental materials. We analyzed the risk of bias with CRIS guidelines and consolidated all analyses using Microsoft Office Excel. RESULTS: In total, we found 656 studies and included 11. The articles investigated materials to eliminate microorganisms, interference with materials' mechanical properties, elution of remineralizing substances, and reduction of oral anesthetic toxicity. Chitosan and mesoporous silica were the most prevalent nanocarriers. Among all properties, the antibacterial activity was the most analyzed. The functional ability of dental materials provided by all nanocarriers improved. CONCLUSION: The use of nanocarriers may be a useful way to produce dental materials with improved functional abilities. We registered this manuscript in the Open Science Framework platform - DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/RP5XK, available at https://osf.io/qg49x.

The Impact of Radiotherapy in the in Vitro Remineralization of Demineralized Enamel

Objective: To evaluate the impact of radiotherapy on enamel around restorations of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and fluoride tooth paste (FTP). Material and Methods: Eighty enamel blocks were made and randomly distributed into two groups, according to the fluoride therapy, non-fluoride tooth paste (NFTP) and FTP (n=40) and in subgroups in conformity with radiation dose (0, 10, 30 and 60 Gy). Roughness and microhardness enamel analyses were conducted before radiotherapy. Enamel cavities were made and restored with two GIC (Ketac Molar Easy Mix or Vitremer). Enamel blocks were submitted to 10, 30 and 60 Gy. Then, artificial enamel caries lesions were created by a pH-cycling procedure and FTP or NFTP were used as treatment. The restored enamel blocks were submitted to final roughness and microhardness analyses. Roughness increase (ΔR) and hardness loss (ΔH) values of enamel were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p=0.05). Results: The irradiated enamel group showed statistically higher ΔR (0.44 ±0.2) and ΔH (99.26±7.0) values compared to non-irradiated group (ΔR = 0.051±0.02; ΔH=66.16±12.7) when a resin-modified GIC and NFTP were used. Conclusion: Higher radiation dose increased dissolution of bovine enamel. The use of GIC associated with FTP decreased roughness and increased enamel hardness after radiotherapy.

Influência da dieta líquida infantil na rugosidade do esmalte de dentes bovinos / Diet children's influence in net roughness of cattle teeth enamel

Objetivo: Avaliar a rugosidade do esmalte de dentes bovinos submetidos ao desafio erosivo por bebidas infantis, no intervalo de tempo de 07, 14 e 21 dias e a influência de dentifrício fluoretado após esses desafios erosivos. Métodos: Foram obtidos 40 espécimes de bloco de esmalte, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos de acordo com os tratamentos (n=5): G1 ­ suco de maçã Ades®; G1F ­ suco de maçã Ades® + dentifrício; G2 ­ mel de abelha Yoki®; G2F ­ mel de abelha Yoki® + dentifrício; G3 ­ leite fermentado Chamyto®; G3F ­ leite fermentado Chamyto® + dentifrício; G4 ­ controle; G4F ­ controle + dentifrício. Após a análise da rugosidade superficial inicial, os blocos de esmalte foram submetidos ao desafio erosivo. Para os grupos com tratamento com flúor, os espécimes foram imersos em dentifrício fluoretado diluído. Foram realizadas análises da rugosidade superficial após os períodos de 7, 14 e 21 dias. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, empregando-se os testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon com 5% de probabilidade. Resultados: O grupo G2F e G2 apresentaram valores de rugosidade de superfície estatisticamente superiores (p=0,01) após 7 e 21 dias, respectivamente, em relação ao valores iniciais. Os valores de rugosidade de superfície para o grupo G3 (p=0,006) e G3F (p=0,01) foram superiores estatisticamente após 7 dias em relação ao período inicial. Conclusão: Os valores de rugosidade do esmalte aumentaram após o desafio erosivo com mel de abelha e o leite fermentado. O uso do dentifrício fluoretado não promoveu menor incremento de rugosidade.(AU)

Aim: To evaluate surface roughness of tooth enamel when submitted to erosive challenge from beverages after 07, 14 and 21 days as well as the influence of fluoride toothpaste on enamel surface roughness after the erosive challenges. Methods: Forty enamel blocks were made and divided into 8 groups according to treatment (n=5): G1 ­ apple juice Ades ®; G1F ­ apple juice Ades ® + fluoride toothpaste; G2 ­ honey; G2F ­ honey + fluoride toothpaste; G3 ­ fermented milk Chamyto ®; G3F ­ fermented milk Chamyto ® + fluoride toothpaste ; G4 ­ control; G4F ­ control + fluoride toothpaste. After initial analysis of surface roughness, specimens were submitted to erosive challenges. In the groups submitted to fluoride treatment, specimens were immersed in diluted fluoride toothpaste. Analysis of surface roughness was conducted after 7, 14 and 21 days. The values of average enamel roughness (Ra) in the experimental groups were submitted to Friedman and Wilcoxon test considering the significance level of 5%. Results: The G2 and G2F group presented statistically higher roughness values (p=0,01) compared to baseline, after 21 and 7 days, respectively. For G3 (p=0,006) and G3F group (p=0,01), roughness values were statistically higher after 7 days compared baseline. Conclusion: Enamel roughness values increased after erosive challenge with honey and fermented milk. Application of fluoride toothpaste did not promote lower roughness values.(AU)